公共英語考試書信寫作
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一、英文書信
英文書信通常有包括以下幾部分:
1. 信頭(Heading): 指寫信人的地址和寫信日期
信頭的目的是使收信人知道書信來自何處，何時(shí)發(fā)出。信頭一般位于信函的右上角，包括發(fā)信人的地址和寫信日期。
信頭的地址的寫法要注意英文和中文的不同，英文應(yīng)遵循“先小后大”的原則，第一行寫門牌號(hào)和街道的名稱，第二行寫區(qū)、市名、省名、國家名。國家名之前加上郵政編碼。門牌名與街道名之間不用逗號(hào)隔開。最后一行寫上發(fā)信日期。日期一般有以下幾種寫法：
12th Sept, 2006 12 Sept, 2006 Sept. 12th, 2006
如，
Mr. Zhang Peng
Department of Foreign Language
Jiangxi Teachers’ College
Nanchang, Jiangxi Prov., 330241
P.R.C.
Sept. 12, 2006
2.信內(nèi)地址(Inside Name & Address): 指收信人的姓名和地址
信內(nèi)地址一般位于信函的左上角，位于信紙的左邊頂格，低于信頭一兩行寫起。
3.稱呼 (Salutation): 對(duì)收信人的稱呼用語
稱呼是寫信人對(duì)收信人表示尊敬的敬稱。稱呼從信紙的左端頂格寫起，比信內(nèi)姓名和地址低一行，。稱呼有多種，視寫信人和收信人的關(guān)系而定。每個(gè)開頭字母用大寫，結(jié)尾用逗號(hào)不用冒號(hào)。
對(duì)男士的稱呼，多用Mr., 對(duì)女士的稱呼,多用Mrs., Madam, Miss或Ms.,但是需要注意的是,這些稱呼用在姓氏前或姓氏和名字前,但是不能使用在名字的前面。
4.正文(Body):
5.結(jié)束語(Complementary Close): 寫信人對(duì)收信人的謙稱
結(jié)束語從信紙的中間或稍右的地方寫起，位于正文下面空兩三行處。不同關(guān)系使用不同的結(jié)束語。
對(duì)于不熟悉的人或團(tuán)體：Yours truly, Truly yours, Yours faithfully, Faithfully yours
對(duì)于上級(jí)和長者：Yours respectfully, Respectfully yours, Yours gratefully, Gratefully yours
對(duì)于朋友和親屬：Yours, Your loving daughter, Your devoted friend
6.簽名(Signature):
7.附件(Enclosure):
二、信件開頭結(jié)尾常用語:
1. 信件開頭常用語
I am writing to you to ask about the meeting to be held next month.
I have received your letter on Feb. 2nd 1998.
Thank you very much for the position you are offering.
It’s a long time that we haven’t seen each other.
I’m writing to introduce to you one of my good friends, Mr. Smith.
2. 信件文中常用語
Your presence on this occasion would be our greatest honour.
3. 信件結(jié)尾常用語
With many thanks.
Wish you the best of health and success.
Your early reply will be highly appreciated.
Expecting to hear from as soon as possible.
Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you.
Regretting the inconvenience caused to you.
Thanks once more.
Many thanks for your kindness.
Thanks a lot and best wishes for you.
We sincerely hope that you’ll accept our apology and keep in contact with us.
We look forward to receiving your confirmation by letter or e-mail.
三、常見的邏輯詞匯
1. 并列關(guān)系
and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example
2. 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, nevertheless, yet, otherwise, despite
3. 順序關(guān)系
first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next
4. 因果關(guān)系
as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently, on account of
5. 歸納關(guān)系
as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word
6.幾個(gè)用得比較多的句子：
As far as I am concerned, the advantages of ... outweigh its disadvantages.
Nevertheless, the disadvantages of ... is undeniable.
To sum up/In general/On the whole/In brief/In short/In a word, it is true that ... bring about both positive and negative results. But we can try our best to reduce the negative influence to the least extent.
Obviously, in every aspect, ...
This diagram unfolds a clear comparison between...and...
As to the other three, though the growth rates were not so high, they were indeed remarkable and impressive。
延伸閱讀：精選短語
unemployment compensation
失業(yè)補(bǔ)償金
local government payments to a former worker who has been fired (usually for six months)
EXAMPLE:
When the XYZ Company went out of business and laid off its employees, they received small unemployment compensation checks each week that helped pay their bills until they got new jobs at other companies.
Armed to the teeth
全副武裝
equipped with everything one needs for action
EXAMPLE:
The worried company president had full financial statements, sales reports, new product ideas, letters of praise from major customers, and proposals for increased growth when he arrived to make his annual report to the hostile board of directors; he was armed to the teeth.
all in the same boat
處境都相同
to be sharing the same difficult circumstances, often with others who would normally be competitors
EXAMPLE:
When bad weather discouraged tourists from coming to the popular seacoast resort town, the managers of the different hotels in the town knew they were all in the same boat and decided to work cooperatively with one another.
to hit the nail on the head
切中要害，指批評(píng)恰到事物的緊要處
to say or to understand the heart of a problem, issue or idea
EXAMPLE:
“The intelligent company president listened carefully to our department’s concern s and when he spoke we knew he understood the issues exactly; he really hit the nail on the head.”
to go belly-up
事業(yè)破產(chǎn)
in business, to collapse; to go out of business (“belly” means stomach, so going belly-up means to turn on your back and float like a dead fish)
EXAMPLE:
My brother’s company went belly-up last month when its revenues were far below its monthly debts, so now he’s looking for a job.
to go the extra mile
比別人多做一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)
to make an extra effort in making a deal or providing service (from the Biblical proverb “if someone asks you to walk one mile, walk two miles”)
EXAMPLE:
“In order to provide the best customer service, our computer systems company always went the extra mile and provided free installation and user training at the customer’s worksite.”
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