托福英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力模擬試題及答案

時(shí)間：2024-10-20 17:57:29 托福(TOEFL)

2017年托福英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力模擬試題及答案

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2017年托福英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力模擬試題及答案

　　Passage One

　　The largest of the giant gas planets, Jupiter, with a volume 1,300 times greater than Earth's, contains more than twice the mass of all the other planets combined. It is thought to be a gaseous and fluid planet without solid surfaces, Had it been somewhat more massive, Jupiter might have attained internal temperatures as high as the ignition point for nuclear reactions, and it would have flamed as a star in its own right. Jupiter and the other giant planets are of a low-density type quite distinct from the terrestrial planets: they are composed predominantly of such substances as hydrogen, helium, ammonia, and methane, unlike terrestrial planets. Much of Jupiter's interior might be in the form of liquid, metallic hydrogen. Normally, hydrogen is a gas, but under pressures of millions of kilograms per square centimeter, which exist in the deep interior of Jupiter, the hydrogen atoms might lock together to form a liquid with the properties of a metal. Some scientists believe that the innermost core of Jupiter might be rocky, or metallic like the core of Earth.

　　Jupiter rotates very fast, once every 9.8 hours. As a result, its clouds, which are composed largely of frozen and liquid ammonia, have been whipped into alternating dark and bright bands that circle the planet at different speeds in different latitudes. Jupiter's puzzling Great Red Spot changes size as it hovers in the Southern Hemisphere. Scientists speculate it might be a gigantic hurricane, which because of its large size (the Earth could easily fit inside it), lasts for hundreds of years.

　　Jupiter gives off twice as much heat as it receives from the Sun. Perhaps this is primeval heat or heat generated by the continued gravitational contraction of the planet. Another starlike characteristic of Jupiter is its sixteen natural satellites, which, like a miniature model of the Solar System, decrease in density with distance — from rocky moons close to Jupiter to icy moons farther away. If Jupiter were about 70 times more massive, it would have become a star, Jupiter is the best-preserved sample of the early solar nebula, and with its satellites, might contain the most important clues about the origin of the Solar System.

　　1. The word "attained獲得，達(dá)到" in line 4 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) attempted

　　(B) changed

　　(D) reached

　　2. The word "flamed" in line 5 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) burned

　　(B) divided

　　(D) grown

　　3. The word "they" in line 7 refers to

　　(A) nuclear reactions

　　(B) giant planets

　　(D) substances

　　4. According to the passage , hydrogen can become a metallic-like liquid when it is

　　(A) extremely hot

　　(B) combined with helium

　　(D) under great pressures

　　5. According to the passage , some scientists believe Jupiter and Earth are similar in that they both have

　　(A) solid surfaces

　　(B) similar masses

　　(D) metallic cores

　　6. The clouds surrounding Jupiter are mostly composed of

　　(A) ammonia

　　(B) helium

　　(D) methane

　　7. It can be inferred from the passage that the appearance of alternating bands circling Jupiter is caused by

　　(A) the Great Red Spot

　　(B) heat from the Sun

　　(D) Storms from the planet's Southern Hemisphere

　　8. The author uses the word "puzzling" in line 17 to suggest that the Great Red Spot is

　　(A) the only spot of its kind

　　(B) not well understood

　　(D) a problem for the planet's continued existence

　　9. Paragraph 3 supports which of the following conclusions?

　　(A) Jupiter gives off twice as much heat as the Sun.

　　(B) Jupiter has a weaker gravitational force than the other planets.

　　(D) Scientists might learn about the beginning of the Solar System by Studying Jupiter.

　　10. Why does the author mention primeval heat (lines 21)?

　　(A) To provide evidence that Jupiter is older than the Sun

　　(B) To provide evidence that Jupiter is older than the other planets

　　(D) To suggest a possible source of the quantity of heat that Jupiter gives off

　　11. According to the passage , Jupiter's most distant moon is

　　(A) the least dense

　　(B) the largest

　　(D) very rocky on the surface

　　12. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage ?

　　(A) If Jupiter had fewer satellites, it would be easier for scientists to study the planet itself.

　　(B) If Jupiter had had more mass, it would have developed internal nuclear reactions.

　　(D) if Jupiter were larger, it would give off much less heat

　　答案：DABDD ACBDD AB

　　Passage Two

　　As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society.

　　The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of the century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal schooling. By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants. Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools, corporations, unions, churches, settlement houses, and other agencies.

　　Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should suit the needs of specific populations. Immigrant women were one such population. Schools tried to educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the urban industrial economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the home.

　　Although looking after the house and family was familiar to immigrant women, American education gave homemaking a new definition. In preindustrial economies, homemaking had meant the production as well as the consumption of goods, and it commonly included income-producing activities both inside and outside the home, in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States, however, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem. Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as a consumer rather than a producer. Schools trained women to be consumer homemakers cooking, shopping, decorating, and caring for children "efficiently" in their own homes, or if economic necessity demanded, as employees in the homes of others. Subsequent reforms have made these notions seem quite out-of-date.

　　1. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that one important factor in the increasing importance of education in the United States was

　　(A) the growing number of schools in frontier communities

　　(B) an increase in the number of trained teachers

　　(D) the increased urbanization of the entire country

　　2. The word "means" in line 6 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) advantages

　　(B) probability

　　(D) qualifications

　　3. The phrase "coincided with與。。。同時(shí)發(fā)生" in line 8 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) was influenced by

　　(B) happened at the same time as

　　(D) ensured the success of