英語(yǔ)祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法
導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：用于表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。下面是小編整理的英語(yǔ)祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法，歡迎參考!
祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)
1) 祈使句有兩種類(lèi)型，一種是以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭，在動(dòng)詞原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人稱(chēng)主語(yǔ)的句子)。
Take this seat.
Do be careful.
否定結(jié)構(gòu)：
Don't move.
Don't be late.
2) 第二種祈使句以let開(kāi)頭。
Let 的反意疑問(wèn)句
a. Let's 包括說(shuō)話者
Let's have another try，shall we / shan't we?
= Shall we have another try?
b.Let us 不包括說(shuō)話者
Let us have another try，will you / won't you?
= Will you please let us have another try?
否定結(jié)構(gòu)：
Let's not talk of that matter.
Let us not talk of that matter.
如何引用祈使句
祈使句如要引用，多使用一個(gè)不定式，前面的謂語(yǔ)形式根據(jù)語(yǔ)氣決定。如：
“Wake him up,” she said.
→She told me to wake him up.
“See a neurologist,” the doctor said.
→The doctor advised me to see a neurologist.
“Stay where you are and don’t move,” commanded the sergeant.
→The sergeant commanded the man to stay where he was and not to move.
“Carry the trunk upstairs,” Mr. Brown said.
→Mr. Brown ordered the men to carry the trunk upstairs.
■能跟這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：
advise ask beg command forbid instruct invite order
persuade remind teach tell urge warn
祈使句的分類(lèi)及例句
1.祈使句構(gòu)成方式：動(dòng)詞原形+其他。如：Please buy some bananas for me.請(qǐng)為我買(mǎi)一些香蕉。
2.祈使句否定形式：在動(dòng)詞原形前+Don't。如：Don't look ou of the window.不要向窗外看。
3.祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句用will you/won't you。以let's開(kāi)頭的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句部分用shall we。以let us開(kāi)頭的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句部分用will you/shall we。如：Don't swim here,will you?不要在這游泳，好嗎? Let's go to the zoo,shall we?讓我們?nèi)?dòng)物園吧，好嗎?
4.let引起的祈使句：肯定形式為L(zhǎng)et+sb+動(dòng)詞原形+其他;否定形式為L(zhǎng)et+sb+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他/Don't let+sb+do+其他。如：Let's join the soccer club.讓我們加入足球俱樂(lè)部吧。 Don't let them play with fire.別讓他們玩火。
5.禁止祈使句：No+n./ v.ing。如：No smoking!禁止吸煙!
拓展：初中英語(yǔ)祈使句練習(xí)題精選
一. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. Its an important meeting. _________________ (not, be )late.
2. ________________ (not,make) any nise! Your mother is sleeping.
3. ________________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and _________ (be) polite.
4. ________________ ( not, talk) and ____________ (read) aloud.
5. _______________ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.
6. ________________ (look) out! A car is coming.
7. _______________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.
8. ________________ (not, let) the baby cry.
9. Wear more clothes or you ____________ (catch) a cold. 10. Lets _______________ (not, say) anything about it.
二、單項(xiàng)選擇
1. The TV is too loud. Please________.
A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turn down it D. to turn down it
2. _______ late again, Bill!
A. Dont to be B. Dont be C. Not be D. Be not
三、將下列句子變成感嘆句：
1. It is quite a nice present.→_____ _____ nice present!
2. We have fine weather today.→ _____ _____ weather we have today!
3. It’s sunny today.→_____ _____ sunny day it is today!
4. The children are working hard.→ _____ _____ the children are working!
5. She played basketball wonderfully.→ _____ _____ she played basketball!
6. He is good at singing.→_____ _____ he sings!
7. He was doing well in dancing.→ _____ a _____ dancer he was!
8. Tom coughs badly.→_____ _____ _____ cough Tom has!
9. The fish is very lovely.→_____ _____ the fish is!
10. They live a happy life today.→ _____ _____ _____ life they live!
四、將下列句子變成祈使句：
11. Would you like to wait a moment?→_____ _____ a moment.
12. Can I use your bike?→Please _____ _____ your bike.
13. You’d better not smoke here.→_____ _____ here.
14. You must be careful with your handwriting. _____ _____ with your handwriting.
15. Will you please not play with my pencil? →____ ____ with my pencil,____.
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