2016英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法：動(dòng)詞
想要學(xué)好英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法怎么能不了解動(dòng)詞運(yùn)用方法呢?下面就讓小編為大家詳解一下吧。
動(dòng)詞(時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài),用法,省略,一致性等)
時(shí)態(tài)
1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(have/has been + -ing 分詞構(gòu)成): 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某時(shí)開始,繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能繼續(xù)下去,也可能剛剛結(jié)束.
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.
I’ve been sitting in the garden.
2)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(由had been + ing分詞構(gòu)成): 過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
I’d been working for some time when he called.
We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
3)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí): 將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.
By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.
4)將來(lái)完成時(shí)(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構(gòu)成): 將來(lái)某時(shí)已發(fā)生的事.
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
語(yǔ)態(tài)
可以有兩種被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的類型,例如:
He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
能同時(shí)適用于上述兩個(gè)句型的主動(dòng)詞通常都是表示“估計(jì)”,“相信”等意義的動(dòng)詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
擔(dān)當(dāng)be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時(shí)往往表示不同的意義.例如:
Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應(yīng)該曉得速度限制)
雙賓語(yǔ)及賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): 雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面,但多數(shù)是把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ).
He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):
She was called Big Sister by everybody.
Then he was made a squad leader.
He was considered quite qualified for the job.
The room was always kept clean and tidy.
短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
Vi + adv
The plane took off two hours late.
Vi + prep
They looked round the Cathedral.
Vi + prep (有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
延伸閱讀：
英語(yǔ)的詞通常分為十大類：
1)名詞(noun，縮寫為n.)是人和事物的名稱，如pen(鋼筆)，English(英語(yǔ))，life(生活)。
2)代詞(pronoun，縮寫為pron.)是用來(lái)代替名詞的詞，如we(我們)，his(他的)，all(全部)。
3)形容詞(adjective，縮寫為adj.)用來(lái)修飾名詞，如great(偉大的)，honest(誠(chéng)實(shí)的)，difficult(困難的)。
4)數(shù)詞(numeral，縮寫為num.)是表示"多少"和"第幾"的詞，如four(四)，eighteen(十八)，first(第一)，eighth(十八)，hundred(一百)。
5)動(dòng)詞(verb，縮寫為v)表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，如write(寫)，walk(行走)，think(想)。
6)副詞(adverb，縮寫為。adv.)是修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞的詞，如quickly(快)，often(經(jīng)常)，very(很)。
7)冠詞(article，縮寫為art.)說(shuō)明名詞所指的人或物的詞，如a，an(一個(gè))，the(這，那)。
8)介詞(preposition，縮寫為prep.)表示名詞(或代詞)與句子里其它詞的關(guān)系，如from(從)，in(在…內(nèi))，between(在…之間)。
9)連詞(conjunction，縮寫為conj.)是連接詞、短語(yǔ)、從句和句子的詞，如and(和)，because(因?yàn)?，if(假如)。
10)感嘆詞(interjection，縮寫為int.)表示感情，如。oh(噢)，aha(啊哈)，hush(噓)。
[注一]屬于前六類(名、代、形、數(shù)、動(dòng)、副等詞)的詞都有實(shí)義，叫做實(shí)詞(notional word)。屬于后四類(冠、介、連、感等詞)的詞沒有實(shí)義，叫做虛詞(form word)。
[注二]不少詞可以屬于幾個(gè)詞類，如work(工作;動(dòng)詞和名詞)，fast(快;形容詞和副詞)，since(自從;連詞和介詞)等。
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