大學(xué)英語四級考試從句語法知識
在學(xué)習(xí)和工作的日常里，我們都可能會接觸到考試題，借助考試題可以為主辦方提供考生某方面的知識或技能狀況的信息。還在為找參考考試題而苦惱嗎？下面是小編幫大家整理的大學(xué)英語四級考試從句語法知識，歡迎大家分享。
大學(xué)英語四級考試從句語法知識 1
I 定語從句
1.先行詞為all， anything， something， nothing， everything， much， little， none等不定代詞時，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。在大多數(shù)情況下that可以省略.
Please tell me everything (that) you know about the matter.
That’s all (that) we can do at the moment.
2.as引出的限制性定語從句
在such … as的結(jié)構(gòu)中as可作關(guān)系代詞，引出限制性定語從句。有時和same連用，在從句中可作主語、賓語或表語等。
Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.
I’ve never seen such a talented young man as he is.
I have the same trouble as you (have)。
3.as引出的非限制性定語從句
as可作關(guān)系代詞引出非限制性定語從句，代替整個主句，通常譯為“(正)如…一樣”，“(正)象…一樣”等。as引導(dǎo)的從句一般用逗號與主句隔開，可以位于主句的前面、中間或后面.
I live a long way from work， as you know.
She did not， as her friend had feared， break down.
As is generally accepted， economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.
4.分隔式定語從句
定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，但有時會被其他句子成分與先行詞隔開，從而構(gòu)成分隔式定語從句。
The days are gone when power politics worked.
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you French.
5.介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which/whom等)引出的定語從句
如果關(guān)系代詞(which/whom等)在定語從句中作介詞的賓語，那么這個介詞可以提到從句前，構(gòu)成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which/whom等)+定語從句”。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中關(guān)系代詞不可以用that。
This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.
The four travelers with whom I shared the room were pleasant people.
6.關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中常可以省略，一般有以下幾種情況：
1) 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作直接賓語時，在大多數(shù)情況下可以省略。
This is something (that) you must always keep in mind.
The man (whom) you just met is our manager.
關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語時，介詞位于句尾時關(guān)系代詞可以省略;介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前時則關(guān)系代詞不能省略。
This is the room (which) Churchill was born in.
This is the room in which Churchill was born.(which不可省略)
2) 關(guān)系代詞作主語時一般不能省略，但如果關(guān)系代詞在由there … be存在句構(gòu)成的定語從句中作主語時常可省略。
This is the only book (that) there is on this subject.
The old professor made full use of the time (that) there was left to him to continue his research.
3) 在way后面的'定語從句中in which或that通常省略。
That’s the way (that/in which) I look at it.
I don’t like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.
7.非限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞或整個主句，起補(bǔ)充說明的作用，如果省略掉，原句句意仍保持完整。非限制性定語從句要用逗號與主句隔開，其引導(dǎo)詞不能用that。非限制性定語從句屬于正式語體。經(jīng)常考到的非限制性定語從句有以下三種。
1)由which、as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。which、as代表整個主句。
He said that he had never seen her before， which was not true.
China is still a developing country， which is known to all of us.
2)由 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。
He sent her a letter， in which he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.
He failed to pass the exam， because of which his parents scolded him.
4) 由 “數(shù)詞、代詞或名詞+of +關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。
He had three sons， one of whom was my son’s classmate.
There are about twenty students in this course， most of whom are freshmen.
They are two different words， the spellings of which are easily confused.
Ⅱ 狀語從句
狀語從句中以下四種從句考得較多，這里給予簡單介紹。
1) 時間狀語從句
時間狀語從句主要由以下連詞引導(dǎo)：when， whenever， as， while， since， until， till， before， after， as soon as， once， hardly (scarcely) … when， no sooner … than。
I will discuss the matter with you when we meet tomorrow.
He didn’t go to sleep until he finished doing his homework.
You have changed a lot since we met last time.
時間狀語從句還可由某些可充當(dāng)連詞的名詞(the moment， the instant， every time，等)和副詞(instantly， directly等)引導(dǎo)：
I will tell you the news the instant I know.
Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet.
Note：
①before除了可表示 “在…之前”外，還可用來強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所表達(dá)的時間、距離很長或花費(fèi)的力量相比較大，可譯為“…才”。(“not … before” 可用來強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所表達(dá)的時間、距離很短或花費(fèi)的力量相比較小，可譯為“…就”)。
It was a long time before I got to sleep again.
They had not been married a month before they quarreled.
②如果位于when引導(dǎo)的分句之前的主句使用過去進(jìn)行時、過去完成時或“was/were about to， was/were on the point of”等結(jié)構(gòu)時，when表示突然發(fā)生某事，可譯為“正在…突然”或“剛…就”等。這時，不能夠用as或while來代替when。
I was walking on the street when I ran into my old friend John.
She had just fallen asleep when the telephone rang.
We were about to leave when it began to rain.
2) 條件狀語從句
條件狀語從句主要由以下連詞引導(dǎo)：if， unless， providing/provided (that)， suppose/supposing (that)， on condition (that)， as/so long as， in case等。
So long as you work hard， you will surely achieve good results in examinations.
I shall return next Thursday unless something unexpected happens.
I will go provided that you go with me.
Please give this letter to John in case he comes.
3) 讓步狀語從句
讓步狀語從句主要由以下連詞引導(dǎo)：though， although， even if， even though， whatever， however， whoever， wherever， no matter how/ what/ where/ when等。以下介紹幾種較特殊的讓步狀語從句。
(1)while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句多放在句首，while相當(dāng)于although，表示“盡管”，“雖然”。
While I admit I did it， I didn’t intend to.
While I understand what you say， I can’t agree with you.
(2)短語“even now/then/so”相當(dāng)于“though it is/was true”，表示“盡管如此”，“盡管這樣”。
The fire was out， but even so， the smell of smoke was strong.
I’ve tried my best， but even now/then she is not satisfied.
(3) as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句要倒裝。
Child as he was， he could speak four languages.
Hard as she tried， she failed to get the job.
4) 比較狀語從句
比較狀語從句主要由以下連詞引導(dǎo)：(not) as … as， (not) the same as， (not) such … as， not so … as， than， the + 比較級…， the +比較級…等。
We have had a lot more rainfall this year than we had last year.
She can speak English as fluently as her teacher (can)。
Ⅲ 賓語從句
1) 及物動詞后的賓語從句
有些動詞的賓語從句前還可有一個間接賓語。
I remember that we have learned this word before.
I don’t understand what you have said.
She asked the teacher how she could learn English well.
2) 介詞的賓語從句
It depends on whether you want to do it or not
There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured.
Note： 在介詞in后面跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，in that可看成是一個固定的搭配，表示“因為”或“在…方面”。
The evidence is invalid in that it was obtained through illegal means.
A turtle differs from all other reptiles in that it has its body encased in a protective shell of its own.
大學(xué)英語四級考試從句語法知識 2
方式狀語從句
方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引導(dǎo)。
1) as, (just) as…so…引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文體，例如：
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。
2) as if, as though
兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的.可能性較大。漢譯常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他們完全忽略了這些事實(shí)，就仿佛它不存在似的。(與事實(shí)相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。(與事實(shí)相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看來天氣很快就會好起來。(實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。)
說明：as if / as though也可以引導(dǎo)一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語，例如：
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波濤沖擊著巖石，好像很憤怒。
大學(xué)英語四級考試從句語法知識 3
讓步狀語從句
though, although
注意： 當(dāng)有though, although時，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用
Although it‘s raining, they are still working in the field.
雖然在下雨，但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?/p>
He is very old, but he still works very hard.
雖然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.
傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。 (諺語)
典型例題
1) ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless
答案：C。意為雖然她很年輕，卻知道許多。
2) as, though 引導(dǎo)的'倒裝句
as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前(形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動詞提前)。
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意： a. 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
b. 句首是實(shí)義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實(shí)義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實(shí)義動詞一起放在主語之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems…
雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。
3) ever if, even though. 即使
We‘ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or- 不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5) "no matter +疑問詞" 或"疑問詞+后綴ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替換：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。
(錯)No matter what you say is of no use now.
(對)Whatever you say is of no use now.
你現(xiàn)在說什么也沒用了。(Whatever you say是主語從句)
(錯)Prisoners have to eat no matter what they‘re given,
(對)Prisoners have to eat whatever they‘re given. 囚犯們只能給什么吃什么。
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