英語閱讀技巧及功能訓練
英語高考中，閱讀理解是一個重點題型，下面是小編收集的高中英語閱讀技巧及功能訓練題，歡迎大家參考!
一、高中學生閱讀中存在的問題
(1)在詞的理解方面:學生掌握的單詞意義的擴展比較有限, 文中稍出現一些生詞就影響了他們對文章的部分內容有時甚至是整體內容的正確把握; 生詞新意影響理解句意;學生會因生詞太多(包括人名和地名)而心煩,失去閱讀的興趣和信心。
(2)在句子理解方面:學生因句子結構劃分不清,往往很難理解文中的長句和難句的確切含義; 各種不同現象的特殊簡單句,如省略句、替代句、反問句、并且有插入語、狀語和定語在句中的分隔句也往往影響學生對句子真實含義的理解。
(3)在語篇理解方面:學生會因為篇章結構掌握不清, 不熟悉某些文體特點以及中西方人思維方式的差異, 而往往找不出文章的寫作線索, 抓不住段落及全文的主旨。
(4)在題意理解方面:學生因不能抓住題干中的關鍵詞,對所問問題感覺模糊;學生對題干中供選擇的四個選項理解不透,區別不清而做不出正確選擇。
二、培養學生閱讀能力的前提
培養高中學生英語閱讀能力的前提就是:
(1)讓學生掌握足夠的詞匯。詞匯是語言的建筑材料。語言學家羅佛通過調查發現,外語學習者如果擁有5000 詞匯量,閱讀正確率可達56%;詞匯量6400,閱讀正確率可達63%。因此,掌握足夠的詞匯是做好閱讀理解的前提和基本條件。教師應在平時的教學過程中注意學生英語詞匯的擴展。例如教單詞“failure”時就應該把與他相關的一系列詞匯全部都羅列出來, 如它的形容詞“fail”,反義詞“success”和反義詞的形容詞“ s u c c e s s f u l ” 和它的動詞“succeed”,這應該在平時的英語教學中擴大學生的詞匯量。
(2)嚴格訓練閱讀速度。根據文章的長短, 讓學生在規定的時間內完成一篇閱讀理解, 養成計時閱讀的習慣。根據高考閱讀要求,一篇文章應在7 分鐘之內完成。因此, 有計劃、有系統地進行閱讀速度的訓練, 平時經常性地在規定時間內進行限時閱讀訓練,并持之以恒,提高閱讀速度并增加詞匯量。
(3)掌握選用正確的閱讀材料與方法。應盡量選讀難度與學生實際水平相當的閱讀材料,由淺入深,由易到難,循序漸進地進行閱讀理解訓練。應訓練學生的跳讀、尋讀、略讀和詳讀的方法。
三、培養閱讀能力的方法
歸納中心思想。文章的中心思想即文章的主旨大意。一篇文章通常由若干段落構成。一般說來, 每一個段落都有一個中心思想,尤其是議論文和說明文更為典型。代表本段中心思想的句子叫主題句。其他的句子均圍繞這個主題句進一步闡述、補充、發揮或提供細節。所以,要求學生在閱讀理解的訓練中, 要善于抓住每段的主題句,閱讀時,要有較強的針對性。對于捕獲到的信息,要認真分析、仔細推敲、理解透徹,只有這樣,針對題目要求,才能做到穩、準。
“帶著問題”閱讀。在閱讀每篇短文前,應先看1～2 個問題,“帶著問題”閱讀短文。閱讀題干,首先要掌握問題的類型,分清是客觀信息題還是主觀判斷題�？陀^信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案; 而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調、作者未加陳述的觀點以及貫穿全文的中心主旨的理解等, 這類題必須經過對作者的態度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理才可得到答案。
猜詞悟意。理解詞義是閱讀的第一步,而英語中一詞多義的詞非常多,同一個詞往往因上下文不同而不同。所以, 只知道每個詞相應的中文意思, 還不等于理解了詞義, 只有根據上下文正確理解靈活變化的詞義,才算真正理解了文章。如果遇到某詞、某句不明白時, 不可在此花太多時間,應從上下文猜測該詞(或短語)的意思, 或從構詞法角度猜測該詞的意思。這也是我們為什么要“帶著問題”做題目的原因。另外; 學生在閱讀過程中還可以通過文章中出現的同義詞、近義詞或上下文甚至在通篇理解的基礎上去猜測。這種不用詞典而只通過閱讀認識生詞的能力; 就是猜詞悟意的能力;是一個高中生應當具備的能力。
猜詞悟意的方法主要有以下幾種:
(1)根據定義和解釋猜測詞義。
如A calendar is a list of the day,weeks,months of a particular year.“calendar” 可以根據a list of the day,weeks ,months of a particular year 可知是“日歷”。
(2)根據同義詞、反義詞猜測詞義。
如Unlike his brother,who is truly ahandsome man,John is quite homely.這里的unlike 是一個關鍵詞,說明John 和他的弟弟的情況正好相反,因此可以知道,homely 和handsome 是反義詞,意思是“相貌平平的”。
(3)根據因果關系猜測詞義。
如The noise was so faint that it wasimpossible to be sure what it was or evenwhere it came from.That 引導的是一個結果狀語從句。根據主從句的邏輯關系,我們可以推出faint的意思是“微弱的”。
(4)進行邏輯推理
閱讀的主要目的是獲取信息, 即作者傳達的信息。這包括了兩個方面: 一方面是根據文章提供的事實和線索進行邏輯推理, 推測作者未提到的事實。考查此項能力的題目一般采用”infer”一詞。另一方面, 是作者期待讀者讀了文章之后知道應當怎樣去做某些事情或以某種方式去思考問題。作者的這層意思通常不在文章中明確表達出來, 而是隱含在文章之中。這類題目要求同學們通過對文章的理解去領會作者的言外之意。
邏輯推理有以下幾種情況:
根據文章細節進行推斷。這是比較簡單的推斷。只要認真閱讀原文, 找出可以推理的有關細節, 可能是一個單詞、一個詞組、一個句子,也可能是幾個句子,進行簡單的細節比較就可以鑒別出真偽。推斷邏輯結論。要得出合理的邏輯結論, 就必須對文章的全部事實或細節進行全面考慮。所以, 要求學生必須養成認真讀書的良好習慣, 不斷培養和提高自己的邏輯思想能力。
推斷作者的寫作目的、態度及文章的語氣和寓意。這類推斷要求學生對作者在論述時持種態度和思想傾向做出推斷。例如,作者對陳述的觀點是贊成還是反對,對描寫和記敘的人或物是喜歡還是厭惡, 是同情還是冷漠。
總之, 冰凍三尺非一日之寒。我們只有在平時的閱讀中多做多練,運用正確的方法,才能在高考中取得優異的成績。
【功能訓練題】
(一)
Hidden in our subconsciousness (意識) is a perfect mental picture. We see ourselves on a long trip that goes across the continent. We are traveling by train. Out of the windows, we think in the passing scene of cars on nearby highways, of children waving at a crossing, of cattle feeding on a distant hillside, of smoke pouring from a power plant, or row upon row of corn and wheat, of flat lands and valleys, of mountains and rolling hills, of city skylines and village halls.
But uppermost in our minds is the final destination. On a certain day at a certain hour, we will pull into the station. Bands will be playing and flags waving. Once we get there, so many wonderful dreams will come true and the pieces of our lives will fit together like a completed jigsaw (拚圖玩具) puzzle. How restlessly we pace the aisles(通道) ,condemning the minutes for loitering-waiting, waiting, waiting for the station.
‘‘When we reach the station, that will be it!” we cry, “When I'm 38.” “When I buy a new 450SL Mercdes Benz!” “When I put the last kid through college.” “When I have paid off!” “When I get a promotion.” “When I reach the age of retirement, I shall live happily ever after! " Sooner or later, we must realize there is no station, no one place to arrive at once and for all. The true joy of life is the trip. The station is only a dream. It constantly outdistances us.
“Relish (appreciate) the moment" is a good motto, actually it isn't the burdens of today that drive man mad. It is the regret over yesterday and the fear of tomorrow. Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us of today.
So stop pacing the aisles and counting the miles. Instead, climb more mountains, eat more ice cream swim more rivers, watch more sunsets, laugh more and cry less. Life must be lived as we go along. Then the station will come soon enough.
1. Why does the author describe the mental picture?
A. To lead us into a perfect world. B. To let people enjoy the scenery.
C. To introduce an actual trip of his. D. To compare it to our life's journey.
2. How do people feel when they’re on their trip?
A. Puzzled. B. Happy. C. Relaxed. D. Impatient.
3. What does the author mean by "Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us of today" in Paragraph 4?
A. Regret and fear are responsible for the loss of today.
B. We must be careful of the two thieves : regret and fear.
C. Regret and fear stop us from enjoying our present life.
D. We’re frequently challenged by the two : regret and fear.
4. Why does the author write the passage?
A. To teach us a good lesson.
B. To tell us the right attitude to life.
C. To advise us to forget our worries.
D. To stop us wandering along the aisles.
(二)
Nowadays, people in China are increasingly interested in celebrating foreign festivals, especially those western festivals.
A survey conducted recently by sina. com showed that among the 18,222 people surveyed 63.90% said celebrating Christmas is just another way of recreation, nothing serious, while 17.85% surveyed considered the festival as a fashion act, showing they were not “out”. These two parts clearly indicate the general opinion of the young. 10.45% people involved said the celebration of a religious western festival with so much enthusiasm is absolutely ridiculous pursuit of foreign goodness. Only 7.80% of the people define Christmas as a kind of festival colonization(殖民).
The arising of celebrating foreign festivals clearly has something to do with the advancement of China’s economy. In my point of view, Christmas and other festivals celebrated in China have difference from the origin. They have lost their religious background and turned into a big occasion to have fun and enjoy life. Shop owners’ pockets are filled, the public’s hunger for happiness is filled, and that is enough. Foreign festivals in China are more like carnivals giving people pleasure and enjoyment.
The crisis(危機) of traditional Chinese festivals that are losing their attraction may be linked to the culture tradition and background of the festivals. Most Chinese festival culture is related more or less to real life. “The country is based on its people while the people are relied on their food”.
But the western culture shows much of romance. Some festivals have their religious background while others have much to do with culture and people. At this point, food seems to be too plain. Flowers and chocolates are more welcomed.
Foreign festivals in China today are celebrated for fun. They give people opportunities to relax and celebrate, to show appreciation and gratefulness. The acceptance of foreign festivals generally depends on the openness of the public, the familiarity with the western culture, and most importantly, on people’s economic status.
5.From the survey we know that among the people surveyed ______.
A. most think celebrating foreign festivals is ridiculous
B. many fear that traditional Chinese festivals will disappear soon
C. some think that celebrating foreign festivals is a sign of foreign goodness chasing
D. half think celebrating foreign festivals makes people not go out of fashion
6.The writer thinks that foreign festivals celebrated in China ______.
A. have lost their religious background
B. are the same as those celebrated in the West
C. can give more fun than traditional Chinese festivals
D. may reduce the hunger of public people
7.What is the main difference between foreign festivals and traditional Chinese ones?
A. Foreign festivals can make Chinese shop owners’ pockets full quickly.
B. The food at foreign festivals is too simple.
C. Chinese festivals always have something to do with culture.
D. Foreign festivals are romantic while traditional Chinese ones are connected with reality.
8.Which of the following may NOT be the reason why so many people accept foreign festivals?
A. People can relax themselves.
B. People can show their thanks to others.
C. Foreign festivals have longer histories than Chinese ones.
D. People have known more about the western culture.
>>>>>>參考答案<<<<<<
(一)1---4 D D C B
(二)[答案]
如今，中國人對西方的節日越來越感興趣，而中國的傳統節日越來越不受人們的重視，原因何在呢?中西方兩種文化有何不同之處，西方節日在中國處于一個什么樣的地位，接受西方的節日是對是錯?讀完這篇文章，相信我們會得到答案。
5.C。細節理解題。A項只有10.45%的人如此認為，most一詞錯誤;B項will disappear soon錯誤;D項只有17.85%的人這么認為，很明顯，half一詞錯誤;依據文章第二段倒數第二句可知C項正確。
6.A。細節理解題。依據文章第三段第三句中的“They have lost their religious background and turned into a big occasion to have fun and enjoy life.”可知，A項正確;依據第三段中的have difference from the origin可知B項錯誤;C項文章沒有進行比較;D項文章用的是the public’s hunger for happiness is filled，而非饑餓，故答案為A。
7.D。細節理解題。A項錯誤，文章第三段提及商家掙到了錢，公眾的幸福感得到了滿足，而并非外國的節日能夠讓店主的錢包迅速地鼓起來;B項too simple與原文不符;C項不是區別，兩種節日都與文化有關。依據文章第四、五兩段可知，D項正確，兩種節日的區別在于西方的節日浪漫，而中國的節日則與實際生活密切相關。
8.C。細節理解判斷題。文章沒有提及中國的節日與西方的節日相比誰的歷史更悠久，故C項錯誤。
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