歷年考研英語閱讀理解真題

時間：2024-09-22 17:29:57 曉鳳英語閱讀

歷年考研英語閱讀理解真題

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歷年考研英語閱讀理解真題

　　歷年考研英語閱讀理解真題 1

　　Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child-or even an animal, such as a pigeon-can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.

　　We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someones personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.

　　Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someones personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. if you were asked to describe what anice facelooked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe anice person,you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm,and so forth.

　　There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon all ports, an American psychologist, found nearly 18 000 English words characterizing differences in peoples behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing, his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types-people are described with such terms.

　　People have always tried totypeeach other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villains(壞人)or the heros role. In fact, the wordspersonandpersonalitycome from the Latin persona, meaningmask.Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell thegood guysfrom thebad guysbecause the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.

　　61. The main idea of this passage is　　　　　.

　　A)how to distinguish peoples faces

　　B)how to describe peoples personality

　　C)how to distinguish people both inward and outward

　　D)how to differ good persons from bad persons

　　62. The author is most probably a 　　　　　.

　　A) behaviorist

　　B) psychologist

　　C) writer

　　D)　sociologist

　　63. Which of the following is NOT true?

　　A) Different people may have different personalities.

　　B) People differ from each in appearance.

　　C) People can learn to recognize faces.

　　D) People can describe all the features of others.

　　64. The reason why it is easier to describe a persons personality in words than his face is that　　.

　　A) a persons face is more complex than his personality

　　B) a persons personality is easily distinguished

　　C) peoples personalities are very alike

　　D) many words are available when people try to describe ones personality

　　65. We learn from the passage that people classify a person into certain type according to　　　.

　　A) his way of acting and thinking

　　B) his way of speaking and behaving

　　C) his learning and behavior

　　D) his physical appearance and his personality

　　歷年考研英語閱讀理解真題 2

　　Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. it may be a game of some kind football, hockey(曲棍球), golf, of tennis, it may be mountaineering.

　　Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other　forms of activity to which men give their leisure.

　　Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there re for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods. If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not ateam game. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, nomatchesbetweenteamsof climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.

　　The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.

　　A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is no unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.

　　66. Mountaineering is a sport which involves　　　　.

　　A) hardship

　　C) physical risk

　　B) cold

　　D) all of the above

　　67. The main difference between a sport and a game lies in　　　　.

　　A) uniform

　　C) rules

　　B) activity

　　D) skills

　　68. Mountaineering is also a team sport because　　　　.

　　A)it involves rules

　　B)it involves matches between teams

　　C)it requires mental and physical qualities

　　D)mountaineers depend on each other while climbing

　　69. Which of the following is NOT true?

　　A)　Mountaineers compete against each other.

　　B)　Mountaineers compete against other teams.

　　C)　Mountaineers compete against nature.

　　D)　Mountaineers compete against international standard.

　　70. What is the best title for the passage?

　　A)　Mountaineering

　　B)　Mountain Climbers

　　C)　Mountaineering is Different from Golf and Football

　　D)　Mountaineering Is More Dangerous Than Other Sports

　　參考答案

　　第一篇：1.C　2.B　3.D　4.D　5.D

　　第二篇：1.D　2.C　3.D　4.C　5.A

　　歷年考研英語閱讀理解真題 3

　　Investigators of monkey’s social behavior have always been struck by monkeys’ aggressive potential and the consequent need for social control of their aggressive behavior. Studies directed at describing aggressive behavior and the situations that elicit it, as well as the social mechanisms that control it, were therefore among the first investigations of monkeys’ social behavior.

　　Investigators initially believed that monkeys would compete for any resource in the environment: hungry monkeys would fight over food, thirsty monkeys would fight over water, and, in general, at time more than one monkey in a group sought the same incentive simultaneously, a dispute would result and would be resolved through some form of aggression. However, the motivating force of competition for incentives began to be doubted when experiments like Southwick’s on the reduction of space or the withholding of food failed to produce more than temporary increases in intragroup aggression. Indeed, food deprivation not only failed to increase aggression but in some cases actually resulted in decreased frequencies of aggression.

　　Studies of animals in the wild under conditions of extreme food deprivation likewise revealed that starving monkeys devoted almost all available energy to foraging, with little energy remaining for aggressive interaction. Furthermore, accumulating evidence from later studies of a variety of primate groups, for example, the study conducted by Bernstein, indicates that one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the introduction of an intruder into an organized group. Such introductions result in far more serious aggression than that produced in any other types of experiments contrived to produce competition.

　　These studies of intruders suggest that adult members of the same species introduced to one another for the first time show considerable hostility because, in the absence of a social order, one must be established to control interanimal relationships. When a single new animal is introduced into an existing social organization, the newcomer meets even more serious aggression. Whereas in the first case aggression establishes a social order, in the second case resident animals mob the intruder, thereby initially excluding the new animal from the existing social unit. The simultaneous introduction of several animals lessens the effect, if only because the group divides its attention among the multiple targets. If, however, the several animals introduced a group constitute their own social unit, each group may fight the opposing group as a unit; but, again, no individual is subjected to mass attack, and the very cohesion of the groups precludes prolonged individual combat. The submission of the defeated group, rather than unleashing unchecked aggression on the part of the victorious group, reduces both the intensity and frequency of further attack. Monkey groups therefore seem to be organized primarily to maintain their established social order rather than to engage in hostilities per se.

　　1. The author of the text is primarily concerned with

　　[A] advancing a new methodology for changing a monkey’s social behavior.

　　[B] comparing the methods of several research studies on aggression among monkeys.

　　[C] explaining the reasons for researcher’s interest in monkey’s social behavior.

　　[D] discussing the development of investigators’ theories about aggression among monkeys.

　　2. Which of the following best summarizes the findings reported in the text about the effects of food deprivation on monkeys’ behavior?

　　[A] Food deprivation has no effect on aggression among monkeys.

　　[B] Food deprivation increases aggression among monkeys because one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the competition for incentives.

　　[C] Food deprivation may increase long-term aggression among monkeys in a laboratory setting, but it produces only temporary increase among monkeys in the wild.

　　[D] Food deprivation may temporarily increase aggression among monkeys, but it also leads to a decrease in conflict.

　　3. The text suggests that investigators of monkeys’ social behavior have been especially interested in aggressive behavior among monkeys because

　　[A] aggression is the most common social behavior among monkeys.

　　[B] successful competition for incentives determines the social order in a monkey group.

　　[C] situation that elicit aggressive behavior can be studied in a laboratory.

　　[D] most monkeys are potentially aggressive, yet they live in social units that could not function without control of their aggressive impulses.

　　4. The text supplies information to answer which of the following questions?

　　[A] How does the reduction of space affect intragroup aggression among monkeys in an experimental setting?

　　[B] Do family units within a monkey social group compete with other family units for food?

　　[C] What are the mechanisms by which the social order of an established group of monkeys controls aggression within that group?

　　[D] How do monkeys engaged in aggression with other monkeys signal submission?

　　5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph?

　　[A] A hypothesis is explained and counter evidence is described.

　　[B] A theory is advanced and specific evidence supporting it is cited.

　　[C] Field observations are described and a conclusion about their significance is drawn.

　　[D] Two theories are explained and evidence supporting each of them is detailed.

　　歷年考研英語閱讀理解真題 4

　　Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.

　　California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.

　　The court would be recklessly modest if it followed Californias advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.

　　They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspects purse .The court has ruled that police dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring ones smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestees reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of "cloud computing." meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.

　　But the justices should not swallow Californias argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitutions protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.

　　26. The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to

　　[A] search for suspects mobile phones without a warrant.

　　[B] check suspects phone contents without being authorized.

　　[C] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.

　　[D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.

　　27. The authors attitude toward Californias argument is one of

　　[A] tolerance.

　　[B] indifference.

　　[C] disapproval.

　　[D] cautiousness.

　　28. The author believes that exploring ones phone content is comparable to

　　[A] getting into ones residence.